Running time144 minutesCountryJapanUnited StatesLanguageEnglishJapaneseBudget$25.5 millionBox office$29.5 million (domestic)Tora! (: トラ・トラ・トラ！) is a 1970 that dramatizes the in 1941.

The film was produced by and directed by, and, and stars an including,. It was Masuda and Fukasaku's first English-language film, and first non-Japanese film.The tora of the title is the two-syllable used to indicate that complete surprise had been achieved. Japanese being a language with many, it is a coincidence that tora also means 'tiger' ( 虎). Contents.Plot In August 1939, the United States imposes a trade embargo on a belligerent Japan, severely limiting raw materials. Influential figures and politicians push through an in September 1940 and prepare for war. The newly appointed Commander-in-Chief of the, reluctantly plans a pre-emptive strike on the U.S.

Pacific Fleet anchored at, believing that Japan's best hope of controlling the is to quickly annihilate the American fleet. Air Staff Officer is chosen to mastermind the operation while his old Naval Academy classmate is selected to lead the attack.Meanwhile, in Washington, U.S. Military intelligence has broken the Japanese, allowing them to intercept secret Japanese radio transmissions indicating increased Japanese naval activity. Monitoring the transmissions are U.S. Bratton and U.S. Commander Kramer.

At Pearl Harbor itself, Admiral Kimmel and General Short do their best to increase defensive naval and air patrols around Hawaii which could provide early warning of enemy presence. Short recommends concentrating aircraft at the base on the runways to avoid sabotage by enemy agents in Hawaii.Several months pass while diplomatic tensions escalate. As the Japanese ambassador to Washington continues negotiations to stall for time, the large Japanese fleet sorties into the Pacific. On the day of the attack, Bratton and Kramer learn from intercepts that the Japanese plan a series of 14 radio messages from Tokyo to the Japanese embassy in Washington. They are also directed to destroy their code machines after receiving the final message.

Deducing the Japanese intention to launch a surprise attack immediately after the messages are delivered, Bratton tries warning his superiors of his suspicions but encounters several obstacles: Chief of Naval Operations is indecisive over notifying Hawaii without first alerting the President while Army Chief of Staff General 's order that Pearl Harbor be alerted of an impending attack is stymied by poor atmospherics that prevent radio transmission and by bungling when a warning sent by telegram is not marked urgent. At dawn on December 7, the Japanese fleet launches its aircraft. Their approach to Hawaii is detected by two radar operators but their concerns are dismissed by the duty officer. The Japanese thus achieve surprise and a joyous commander Fuchida sends the code to begin the attack: 'Tora!

Tora Tora is an American hard rock band formed in Memphis, Tennessee, United States, in 1985.' Tora' means 'tiger' in Japanese and the name is a play on the code name for attack used by the Japanese Imperial Navy during their attack on Pearl Harbor, 'Tora, Tora, Tora'.The actual origin of the band name was more likely a reference to the song of the same name citation. Discography information about the CD Surprise Attack released by Tora Tora. Search all current eBay listings for TORA TORA SURPRISE ATTACK. Like the first slashsnakepits vocalist.ot not? I download all this songs from mp3 imesh.

The damage to the naval base is catastrophic and casualties are severe. Seven battleships are either sunk or heavily damaged.

General Short's anti-sabotage precautions prove a disastrous mistake that allows the Japanese aerial forces to destroy aircraft on the ground easily. Hours after the attack ends, General Short and Admiral Kimmel receive Marshall's telegram warning of impending danger. In Washington, is stunned to learn of the attack and urgently requests confirmation before receiving the Japanese ambassador. The message that was transmitted to the Japanese embassy in 14 parts – a declaration of war – was meant to be delivered to the Americans at 1:00 pm in Washington, 30 minutes before the attack. However, it was not decoded and transcribed in time, meaning the attack started while the two nations were technically still at peace. The distraught, helpless to explain the late ultimatum and unaware of the ongoing attack, is bluntly rebuffed by a despondent Hull.Back in the Pacific, the Japanese fleet commander, Vice-Admiral, refuses to launch a scheduled third wave of aircraft for fear of exposing his force to U.S. Aboard his flagship, Admiral Yamamoto solemnly informs his staff that their primary target – the American aircraft carriers – were not at Pearl Harbor, having departed days previously to search for Japanese vessels.

Lamenting that the declaration of war arrived after the attack began, Yamamoto notes that nothing would infuriate the U.S. More and ominously concludes: 'I fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and fill him with a terrible resolve.'

Cast Allies ActorRoleNotes,SecretaryU.S.Chief, Far Eastern Section, Military Intelligence Division,Commander, Aircraft Battle Force, U.S. Pacific FleetCommander-in-Chief,Alwin KramerCryptographer,Francis ThomasCommand Duty Officer,SecretaryU.S.John EarleChief of Staff,AdmiralLt. Harold KaminskiDuty Officer, 14th Naval DistrictSecretaryCommanding Officer,CaptainRick CooperPilot,2nd Lt.Pilot, 47th Pursuit SquadronKarl LukasCaptainChief of Staff, U.S. Pacific FleetLawrence E. RuffCommunications Officer, USS NevadaColonel Edward F. FrenchChief, War Department Signal CenterLt. CommanderCommanding Officer,Elven HavardMessman 3rd ClassCrew member,Cmdr.Communications Officer, U.S.

Pacific FleetCommander,Commander,Capt.Naval Intelligence officerDave DonnellyMaj.Hickam Field Operations OfficerCol.Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Hawaiian DepartmentJerry CoxLt.Pilot, 78th Pursuit SquadronLt. PowellRadar officerLt. RamseyCommander, Naval Base Pearl HarborMaj. DillonKnox's aideRear Adm. NewtonCommander,Vice Adm.Interim Commander, Aircraft Battle Force, U.S. Pacific FleetCmdr.Operations Officer, Aircraft Battle Force, U.S.

Pacific FleetMaj. MartinCommander, Hawaiian Air ForceBrig. Gen.Commander,Japanese ActorRoleNotes,Air Staff,Lt. Commander,AdmiralCommander-in-Chief, 1st Air FleetAmbassadorJunya UsamiAdmiralKazuo KitamuraMinisterRear AdmiralCommander,Bontaro MiyakeAdmiralMinister of the NavyIchiro ReuzakiRear AdmiralChief of Staff, 1st Air FleetAsao UchidaHiroshi AkutagawaShunichi NakamuraKameto 'Gandhi' KuroshimaSenior Staff Officer, Combined FleetKan NihonyanagiRear AdmiralCommander,Toshio HosokawaLieutenant CommanderCommander, 1st Torpedo Attack Unit, AkagiLt. Mitsuo MatsuzakiFuchida's pilotLt. Zenji AbePilot, Air Group, AkagiCivilians ActorRoleNotesIleana KramerLt. Replica models like this ​ 1⁄ 15 scale were used for the overhead shots of.

The model survives today in and often appears at local parades.Veteran executive, who had earlier produced (1962), wanted to create an epic that depicted what 'really happened on December 7, 1941', with a 'revisionist's approach'. He believed that the commanders in Hawaii, and, though scapegoated for decades, provided adequate defensive measures for the apparent threats, including relocation of the fighter aircraft at Pearl Harbor to the middle of the base, in response to fears of sabotage from local Japanese.

Despite a breakthrough in intelligence, they had received limited warning of the increasing risk of aerial attack. Recognizing that a balanced and objective recounting was necessary, Zanuck developed an American-Japanese co-production, allowing for 'a point of view from both nations'. He was helped out by his son, who was chief executive at Fox during this time.Production on Tora! Took three years to plan and prepare for the eight months of. The film was created in two separate productions, one based in the United States, directed by Richard Fleischer, and one based in Japan. The Japanese side was initially to be directed by, who worked on script development and for two years.

But after two weeks of shooting, he was replaced by and, who directed the Japanese sections.Richard Fleischer said of Akira Kurosawa's role in the project:Well, I always thought that even though Kurosawa was a genius at film-making and indeed he was, I sincerely believe that he was miscast for this film, this was not his type of film to make, he never made anything like it and it just wasn't his style. I felt he was not only uncomfortable directing this kind of movie but also he wasn't used to having somebody tell him how he should make his film. He always had complete autonomy, and nobody would dare make a suggestion to Kurosawa about the budget, or shooting schedule, or anything like that.

And then here he was, with Darryl Zanuck on his back and Richard Zanuck on him and Elmo Williams and the production managers, and it was all stuff that he never had run into before, because he was always untouchable. I think he was getting more and more nervous and more insecure about how he was going to work on this film.

And of course, the press got a hold of a lot of this unrest on the set and they made a lot out of that in Japan, and it was more pressure on him, and he wasn't used to that kind of pressure.Larry Forrester and frequent Kurosawa collaborators and wrote the screenplay, based on books written by and of the, who served as a technical consultant. Numerous technical advisors on both sides, some of whom had participated in the battle and/or planning, were crucial in maintaining the accuracy of the film., the man who largely planned and led the attack on Pearl Harbor, was an uncredited technical advisor for the film.Four cinematographers were involved in the main photography:, Sinsaku Himeda, Masamichi Satoh, and Osami Furuya. They were jointly nominated for the.

A number of well-known cameramen also worked on the without credit, including and Rexford Metz. The second unit doing miniature photography was directed by, while the second unit doing aerial sequences was directed by Robert Enrietto.Noted composer composed the film score and painted several scenes for various posters of the film.The carrier entering Pearl Harbor towards the end of the film was in fact the, returning to port. The 'Japanese' aircraft carrier was the anti-submarine carrier, fitted with a false bow to disguise the catapults. The Japanese fighters, and somewhat longer 'Kate' torpedo bombers or 'Val' dive bombers were heavily modified Harvard and pilot training aircraft. The large fleet of Japanese aircraft was created by, a well-known aerial action coordinator, who produced a number of conversions.

Garrison and Jack Canary coordinated the actual engineering work at facilities in the Los Angeles area. These aircraft still make appearances at air shows.For the parallel filming in Japan, full-scale mock-ups of the Japanese battleship and aircraft carrier were built from the waterline up on shore, with about 90 feet of their bows extending out over the ocean on stilts. These were used for much of the Japanese scenes on ship's decks. The one error introduced, however, was that the model Akagi 's bridge was built on the starboard side instead of the port side. Only two Japanese carriers were built in this fashion, with bridges on the port side: Akagi. This was done because it was known that for the launching scenes filmed in the US, a US carrier would be used and the islands of US carriers were always on the starboard side. A few of the modified aircraft were also converted in Japan for the flight scenes filmed there.In preparation for filming, Yorktown was berthed at in San Diego to load all the aircraft, maintenance, and film crew prior to sailing to Hawaii.

The night before filming the 'Japanese' take-off scenes she sailed to a spot a few miles west of San Diego and at dawn the film crew filmed the launches of all the aircraft. Since these 'Japanese' aircraft were not actual carrier-based aircraft, they did not have with which to land back on the carrier, and continued on to land at North Island Naval Air Station. Yorktown sailed back to North Island and re-loaded the aircraft. She then sailed to Hawaii and the aircraft were off-loaded and used to film the attack scenes in and around Pearl Harbor. Aircraft Specialties of Mesa, Arizona performed maintenance on the aircraft while in Hawaii.

A 's actual crash landing during filming, a result of a jammed landing gear, was filmed and used in the final cut. The film crew received word that one of the B-17s could not lower their starboard landing gear so they quickly set up to film the 'single gear' landing. The aircraft stayed aloft to use up as much fuel as possible, which gave the film crew some time to prepare, prior to landing. After viewing the 'single gear' landing footage they decided to include it in the movie. In the sequence depicting the crash, only the final crash was actual footage. For the scenes leading up to the crash they manually retracted the starboard landing gear on a functioning B-17 and filmed the scenes of its final approach. After touching down on one wheel the pilot simply applied power and took off again.

The B-17 that actually landed with one gear up sustained only minor damage to the starboard wing and propellers and was repaired and returned to service. A total of five Boeing B-17s were obtained for filming. Aircraft used are the and, especially, the (two flyable examples were used).

Predominantly, P-40 fighter aircraft are used to depict the U.S. Defenders with a full-scale P-40 used as a template for fiberglass replicas (some with working engines and props) that were strafed and blown up during filming. Fleischer also said a scene involving a P-40 model crashing into the middle of a line of P-40s was unintended, as it was supposed to crash at the end of the line.

The stuntmen involved in the scene were actually running for their lives.With over 30 aircraft in the air, the flying scenes were complex to shoot, and can be compared to the 1969 film where large formations of period-specific aircraft were filmed in staged aerial battles. The 2001 film would use some of the same modified aircraft. Historical accuracy. During the filming of Tora! Tora!, 1968.Parts of the film showing the takeoff of the Japanese aircraft utilize an, Yorktown, which was in 1943 and modernized after the war to have a very slightly angled. The ship was leased by the film producers, who needed an aircraft carrier for the film; and as Yorktown was scheduled to be decommissioned in 1970, the Navy made her available.

She was used largely in the takeoff sequence of the Japanese attack aircraft. The sequence shows interchanging shots of models of the Japanese aircraft carriers and Yorktown.

It does not look like any of the Japanese carriers involved in the attack, due to its large island and its angled landing deck. The Japanese carriers had small bridge islands, and angled flight decks were not developed until after the war. In addition, during the scene in which Admiral Halsey is watching bombing practice an aircraft carrier with the hull number 14 is shown. Admiral Halsey was on, not the Essex-class carrier, which would not be commissioned until 1944.

This is understandable, however, as both Enterprise and all six of the Japanese carriers from the attack had been scrapped and sunk, respectively. Enterprise was scrapped in 1959, and four of the six, including Akagi, were sunk within six months of the attack at the.In Tora! Tora!, an error involves the model of. In the film, Akagi 's bridge island is positioned on the side of the ship, which is typical on most aircraft carriers. However, the aircraft carrier Akagi was an exception; its bridge island was on the side of the ship. Despite this, the bridge section appeared accurately as a mirrored version of Akagi 's real port-side bridge. Secondly, all the Japanese aircraft in the footage bear the markings of Akagi 's aircraft (a single vertical red stripe following the red sun symbol of Japan), even though five other aircraft carriers participated, each having its own markings.

In addition, the markings do not display the aircraft's identification numbers as was the case in the actual battle. The white surround on the on the Japanese aircraft was only used from 1942 onwards. Prior to this the roundel was red only.was an old '4-piper' commissioned in 1918; the ship used in the movie, which portrays Ward looked far different from the original destroyer.

In addition, in the movie she fired two shots from her #1. In reality, Ward fired the first shot from the #1 4-inch (102 mm) un-turreted gunmount and the second shot from the #3 wing mount.A section of was built that was also used to portray and other U.S. The (or cage mast) section of the / Maryland-class battleship was built beside the set of the USS Nevada stern section, but not built upon a set of a deck, but on the ground as the footage in the movie only showed the cage tower. The large scale model of the stern shows the two aft gun turrets with three gun barrels in each; in reality, Nevada had two heightened fore and aft turrets with two barrels each while the lower two turrets fore and aft had three barrels each. Another model of Nevada, used in the film to portray the whole ship, displays the turrets accurately.

The reason for this anomaly is because the aft section model was used in the film to portray both USS Nevada and USS Arizona. The ships looked remarkably similar except that Arizona had four triple turrets and a slightly different stern section. Footage and photographs not used in the film show the cage mast as being built on the ground. The USS Nevada/USS Arizona stern section was shown exploding to represent the explosion that destroyed Arizona, although in reality the explosion took place in #2, forward, and Arizona 's stern section remains essentially intact to this day.The film has a Japanese fighter being damaged over a naval base and then deliberately crashing into a naval base hangar.

This is actually a composite of three incidents at: in the first wave, a Japanese Zero crashed into 's ordnance building; in the second wave, a Japanese Zero did deliberately crash into a hillside after U.S. Navy CPO at Naval Air Station at had shot and damaged the aircraft; also during the second wave, a Japanese aircraft that was damaged crashed into the.During a number of shots of the attack squadrons traversing across Oahu, a white cross can be seen standing on one of the mountainsides. The cross was actually erected after the attack as a memorial to the victims of the attack.In the final scene Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto says. An abridged version of the quotation is also featured in the 2001 film.

The 2019 film also features Admiral Yamamoto speaking aloud the sleeping giant quote. Although the quotation may well have encapsulated many of his real feelings about the attack, there is no printed evidence to prove Yamamoto made this statement or wrote it down. The director of Tora! Tora!, stated that while Yamamoto may never have said those words, the film's producer, had found the line written in Yamamoto's diary. Williams, in turn, has stated that Larry Forrester, the screenwriter, found a 1943 letter from Yamamoto to the Admiralty in containing the quotation. However, Forrester cannot produce the letter, nor can anyone else, American or Japanese, recall it or find it.Reception Box office At the time of its initial release, Tora!

Was thought to be a box office disappointment in North America, although its domestic box office of $29,548,291 made it the. It was a major hit in Japan and over the years, home media releases provided a larger overall profit.According to Fox records the film required $37,150,000 in rentals to break even and by 11 December 1970 had done so. Critical. The 's 's Tora! Team still fly the movie's aircraft simulating the attack at airshows.felt that Tora!

Was 'one of the deadest, dullest blockbusters ever made' and suffered from not having 'some characters to identify with.' In addition, he criticized the film for poor acting and special effects in his 1970 review. Vincent Canby, reviewer for The New York Times, was similarly unimpressed, noting the film was 'nothing less than a $25-million irrelevancy.' Also found the film to be boring; however, the magazine praised the film's action sequences and production values., however, said it was 'rare for a feature film to attain the trifecta of entertaining, informing, and educating.' Charles Champlin in his review for the Los Angeles Times on September 23, 1970, considered the movie's chief virtues as a 'spectacular', and the careful recreation of a historical event.Despite the initial negative reviews, the film was critically acclaimed for its vivid action scenes, and found favor with aviation and history aficionados. However, even the team of Jack Hardwick and Ed Schnepf who have been involved in research on aviation films, had relegated Tora!

To the 'also-ran' status, due to its slow-moving plotline. The film holds a 55% 'Rotten' rating on the website, based on 29 critical reviews. In 1994, a survey at the USS Arizona Memorial in Honolulu determined that for Americans the film was the most common source of popular knowledge about the Pearl Harbor attack.Several later films and TV series relating to World War II in the Pacific have used footage from Tora! These productions include the films (1976; in the Tora! DVD commentary, Fleischer is angry that Universal used the footage), (film 1976), (TV mini-series 1979), (1980), and (2008) as well as the television series episode titled 'Lest We Forget' (first airdate February 12, 1981). Honors Tora!

Was nominated for five, winning one for Visual Effects. Winner Best Special Effects ( and ). Nominee (Art Direction:, and; Set Decoration:, and ).

Nominee (, Osamu Furuya, Shinsaku Himeda, and Masamichi Satoh). Nominee (, and Shinya Inoue as Inoue Chikaya). Nominee ( and ).See also.References. 411. Solomon, Aubrey. Twentieth Century Fox: A Corporate and Financial History (The Scarecrow Filmmakers Series). Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow Press, 1989.

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